WHEN THE BODY LOSES ITS FITRAH
You may have spent years caring for everyone around you — your family, your work, your responsibilities and the people who depend on you. In the name of love and responsibility, it is easy to give away pieces of yourself quietly: your sleep, your time, your energy and sometimes even the attention your own health has been asking for. We rarely notice it happening. Life simply becomes full. Until health changes — and suddenly the ordinary things feel precious again: waking with energy, sleeping peacefully, enjoying a meal, walking without discomfort or making plans without fear.
Cancer makes this truth especially profound. It may begin with abnormal cells and tissues, but its impact rarely stays there. It can change the rhythm of a family, disturb sleep, reshape emotions, challenge confidence and alter the way a person imagines tomorrow. The medical condition may be located in the body, but the experience belongs to the whole human being. Yet illness does not diminish human worth. A person living with esophageal cancer remains worthy of tenderness, dignity, attention and care. Sometimes, after years of listening to everyone else, illness reminds us to begin listening inward — to our own bodies, too. This leads us to a deeper question: What happens when the natural order that helps the body maintain balance begins to change?
At Ibnu Sina Wellness, this is where we begin looking beyond a single esophageal condition or diagnosis. We model the fundamentals of Ibnu Sina’s medical philosophy through a contemporary whole-person framework that considers the BODY-HEART-MIND-SOUL. [1] The body is not a collection of isolated parts. The human body functions as one connected living system, connected to the environment and way of life.
BUT WHY DOES CANCER OCCUR?
After a cancer diagnosis, one question can become difficult to escape: “Why did this happen?” Cancer is a complex group of diseases in which abnormal cells can grow beyond their usual boundaries and, in some cancers, invade surrounding tissues or spread to other parts of the body. Cancer develops through interactions between cellular changes and multiple biological, environmental and lifestyle influences. [2] But cells do not live in isolation. Esophageal cancer develops within a biological environment involving tumour cells, immune cells, surrounding tissue, blood vessels, signalling molecules and other components of the tumour microenvironment. Research continues to examine how these interactions contribute to tumour progression and responses to treatment. [14]
Inflammation is one example. It is normally part of the body’s protective response. But when inflammatory activity remains active over a prolonged period, it can contribute to tissue dysfunction and biological processes associated with long-term disease, including cancer. [4] This gives us a more useful way to think about cancer. Cancer is not simply a lump that suddenly appeared. It is a complex disease occurring within an equally complex human body. And therefore we ask: How do we understand the condition of the whole system rather than looking only at the place where the disease becomes visible?
WHAT MAKES ESOPHAGEAL CANCER DIFFERENT?
The esophagus is the muscular tube that carries food and liquids from the throat to the stomach. Swallowing depends on coordinated movement that allows what we eat and drink to pass safely through the upper digestive tract. [11] Two main histological forms of esophageal cancer predominate: Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, or ESCC, and
Esophageal adenocarcinoma, or EAC. These are not simply two names for the same disease. They have different biological characteristics, precursor changes, epidemiological patterns and risk profiles. [3] [5] Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma develops from squamous cells lining the esophagus. Squamous dysplasia can precede invasive disease.
Esophageal adenocarcinoma most commonly develops in the lower esophagus. Barrett’s esophagus — in which the normal lining of the lower esophagus changes following long-standing reflux exposure in some individuals — is an important recognised precursor condition for esophageal adenocarcinoma. [3] This difference is important because the risk landscape also differs between the two major types. Tobacco smoking and alcohol consumption are important risk factors for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, while gastroesophageal reflux disease, Barrett’s esophagus and excess body weight are particularly important in the risk landscape for esophageal adenocarcinoma. [6]
Dietary exposures have also been studied across both histological types, although the strength and direction of associations vary between individual dietary factors and between ESCC and EAC. [13] Esophageal cancer may produce few obvious symptoms during its earlier stages. As disease progresses, one of the most important symptoms is dysphagia — difficulty swallowing. A person may first notice difficulty swallowing solid food, and swallowing may become progressively more difficult as the disease advances. Pain with swallowing, unexplained weight loss, chest discomfort, persistent indigestion or other upper digestive symptoms may also occur. [7] These symptoms can occur for many reasons other than cancer. But persistent or worsening difficulty swallowing deserves appropriate medical assessment.
Understanding these disease-specific features matters. But the esophagus still belongs to a living person whose physical health, emotions, thoughts, relationships, responsibilities and spiritual wellbeing continue alongside the diagnosis. The tumour matters. But so does the person living through everything around it.
WHAT DID IBNU SINA UNDERSTAND ABOUT HEALTH AND DISEASE?
Ibnu Sina — also known as Avicenna — wrote more than 450 books including Al-Qanun fi al-Tibb, or The Canon of Medicine. His medical writings reflected the knowledge and medical framework beyond his historical period, including the humoral theory — a model that explained health through the balance of bodily humours or fluids. [8] An important principle within Ibnu Sina’s medical reasoning remains deeply relevant to the philosophy of Ibnu Sina Wellness: do not understand one part of ailment without understanding the condition of the whole person. [1] At Ibnu Sina Wellness, we have taken inspiration from this whole-person orientation and developed it into a contemporary framework. The disease may appear in one part of the body, but the person experiencing it is always more than that one part.
IBNU SINA WELLNESS — MODELING THE FUNDAMENTALS OF IBNU SINA MEDICINE
Ibnu Sina Wellness was established in 2015 in Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia. Since then, our work has focused on bringing whole-person principles into a structured wellness model. We have served people from Malaysia, Singapore, Indonesia and Brunei, including people living with complex and long-standing health challenges. Through that experience, one principle has remained central to our philosophy: We do not reduce a person to a diagnosis. We want to understand the whole human being.
THE BPS-S LENS VIEWS THE PERSON BEHIND THE DIAGNOSIS
This is where the Biopsychosocial-Spiritual, or BPS-S, framework becomes especially important. BPS-S recognises that human health and illness are experienced across interconnected biological, psychological, social and spiritual dimensions. These dimensions do not exist as separate compartments. They belong to one human life. [1] For someone living with esophageal cancer, the biological dimension includes the disease itself, swallowing, nutrition, physical symptoms, movement, sleep and other physiological needs. The psychological dimension includes emotions, fear, uncertainty, thoughts, beliefs, coping patterns and the way the person understands what is happening. The social dimension includes family, relationships, caregiving roles, work, finances, support systems and the wider circumstances surrounding daily life.
The spiritual dimension includes meaning, hope, purpose, relationship with Allah and the way a person understands illness within the wider journey of life. These dimensions interact. Whole-person care therefore creates space to understand not only the biological condition, but also what the person is carrying emotionally, socially and spiritually. [9] Difficulty swallowing can change something as ordinary and meaningful as eating. Meals may become slower or uncomfortable. Food choices may change. Weight and nutritional status may become concerns. Eating with family or friends may no longer feel as simple as it once did.
Cancer diagnosis and treatment can also influence symptom burden, emotional and psychological health, social functioning and overall quality of life. Contemporary research therefore increasingly evaluates patient-reported outcomes alongside traditional clinical outcomes in esophageal cancer. [10] A diagnosis tells us what disease is present. It does not tell us everything the person is carrying. To care for the person well, we must first learn to see the person as a whole.
AT IBNU SINA WELLNESS, WE DO NOT LOOK AT ONLY ONE DISEASE
When someone comes to us with esophageal cancer, we do not want to see only the words written on a medical report. We want to see: THE WHOLE PERSON. Within the Ibnu Sina Wellness functional framework, body functions are mapped across:
12 MAJOR BODY SYSTEMS
and
120 MICRO-SYSTEMS.
The 120 Micro-Systems are an Ibnu Sina Wellness functional framework. They give our practitioners and educators a more detailed way of asking: “Where is the body’s function giving us a signal?” Instead of seeing one disease in one organ, we look at the interconnected network supporting the person.
THE 12 SYSTEMS ARE NOT 12 SEPARATE MACHINES
The human body is made up of systems with different responsibilities, but they do not function like twelve separate machines. The nervous system communicates and coordinates. The endocrine system regulates through hormones. The cardiovascular system circulates blood, oxygen and nutrients, while the respiratory system performs the essential exchange of gases. The digestive system processes and absorbs what we eat, the liver carries out vital metabolic and processing functions, and the urinary system regulates fluids while eliminating metabolic waste. [11]
The same interdependence continues throughout the body. The immune system protects and monitors, the lymphatic system supports immune function and fluid balance, the musculoskeletal system provides structure and movement, the integumentary system — the skin, hair, nails and associated structures — protects the body while interacting with the external environment, and the reproductive system carries reproductive and hormonal functions. [11] But none of these systems operates independently. Hormones travel through the circulation. The lungs and cardiovascular system work together to deliver oxygen. The kidneys regulate fluids and electrolytes. The nervous and endocrine systems coordinate countless processes throughout the body. [11] The body works through connection.
And that is why understanding one part often requires us to look at the system surrounding it.
THE 120 MICRO-SYSTEMS AS CHECKPOINTS
This is where our 120 Micro-Systems become particularly important. Rather than beginning only with the question, “What disease do you have?”, we begin by looking more closely at the signals the body is giving us. Which system is signalling that something has changed? Which micro-system may be involved? What function is being affected? What may be disturbing that function? And what root-cause factors may need to be explored? This creates a pathway for deeper investigation: Symptom → System → Micro-System → Function → Imbalance → Root-Cause Factors → Restoration of Balance The purpose is to move beyond naming the symptom and stopping there. A symptom can tell us where to begin looking, but it does not necessarily tell us the whole story. The symptom is not the end of the investigation. It is the beginning.
WHY THE MICRO-SYSTEM CANNOT BE SEPARATED FROM THE WHOLE PERSON
There is another principle that is essential: a micro-system does not exist separately from the life of the person experiencing the problem. A biological function may be under strain, while the same person may also be experiencing fear, anxiety, grief, anger, uncertainty, disturbed sleep, changes in relationships, loss of confidence, caregiving demands or spiritual distress. The BPS-S perspective helps us understand how these dimensions exist within the same life. What happens in the body is experienced by a person who also has emotions, thoughts, relationships, responsibilities and a spiritual life. [1]
So when we say “we look at the micro-system,” we are not looking only at biology. We are also asking what is happening emotionally and mentally, what is happening within relationships and circumstances, and what is happening within the spiritual dimension of life. Because these are not separate human beings. They are dimensions of one human life. And that is why understanding the micro-system must always lead us back to understanding the whole person.
THE MICRO-SYSTEM IS A BIOLOGICAL CHECKPOINT — BUT THE PERSON IS MORE THAN BIOLOGY
Imagine a city. You cannot understand its condition by looking at one building alone. Roads, water systems, electricity, communication networks, transportation, waste management, security and emergency services all depend upon smaller functions working together. The human body is far more complex. Every major system contains specialised functions, and those functions continuously interact with others. But the human being adds another layer: the person living inside that body has emotions, thoughts, relationships, memories, responsibilities, values and a spiritual life. [9] The physical condition is real. But so is the person experiencing it. A biological checkpoint can help us understand what is happening within the body, but it can never describe the whole human being.
WHAT DOES “TOXIC BURDEN” MEAN AT IBNU SINA WELLNESS?
One of the concepts we investigate at Ibnu Sina Wellness is toxic burden. This can include harmful exposures associated with cancer risk, such as tobacco smoke, alcohol, air pollution, ultraviolet and ionising radiation, cancer-causing infections and particular occupational or environmental carcinogens. [2] [12] We also look at the wider metabolic and lifestyle environment surrounding the individual. Excess body weight, physical inactivity and patterns of nutrition are among the modifiable factors studied in relation to cancer risk, while chronic inflammation forms part of the wider biological environment relevant to disease. [4] [12]
Sleep and prolonged stress matter here for a different but equally human reason. They shape the way a person functions, copes and moves through illness, and therefore belong within the wider whole-person picture. [1] [10] For esophageal cancer, the disease-specific risk landscape depends partly on histological subtype. Tobacco and alcohol exposure are particularly important recognised risk factors for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. For esophageal adenocarcinoma, long-standing reflux, Barrett’s esophagus and excess body weight belong to the recognised risk landscape. [6] Dietary exposures have also been examined in relation to both major histological types, with evidence varying according to the specific dietary factor and cancer subtype. [13]
These factors should not be combined into a single explanation for why one individual developed cancer. They represent different components of a wider risk landscape. Nutrition, appropriate movement, sleep, metabolic health and other foundations also matter to overall health, even where they do not directly explain why a particular esophageal cancer developed. The body does not experience life as a list of separate risk factors. At Ibnu Sina Wellness, we bring these pieces together to understand the wider pattern of exposures, physiological demands and modifiable burdens surrounding the person. The body does not experience life as a list of separate risk factors. It experiences the pattern created by them over time.
Toxic burden is therefore not one substance. It is the cumulative pattern of what the body has repeatedly been asked to process, tolerate and adapt to over time.
THE BIOLOGICAL BURDEN AND THE EMOTIONAL-MENTAL-SOUL BURDEN
A person may carry biological burdens while also carrying grief, fear, anger, betrayal, loneliness or unresolved emotional pain. The mind can carry its own burden too — constant worrying, overthinking, perfectionism, self-criticism, uncertainty or feeling that one must always remain strong. Daily life may add another layer through caregiving responsibilities, financial pressure, relationship conflict, work demands and long periods of uncertainty. There is also the spiritual dimension. A person may struggle with meaning, hope, spiritual connection, trust in Allah or the feeling that life has lost its direction. Spiritual distress has also been described among people living with cancer. [15] These experiences belong to the same human life in which esophageal cancer is being experienced.
They should not be presented as direct biological causes of esophageal cancer. But they can influence how a person experiences symptoms, eating difficulties, treatment, recovery, uncertainty and everyday life. Research in esophageal cancer shows that quality of life encompasses symptom burden as well as emotional, psychological and social dimensions. [10] This is why the BPS-S perspective matters. The biology matters. But so do the heart, the mind, the life surrounding the person, and the soul.
OVERHAUL BODY™ — SUPPORTS THE WHOLE SYSTEM
This is where Overhaul Body™ fits into the Ibnu Sina Wellness philosophy. Overhaul Body™ is designed as a whole-person journey that looks beyond the tumour to the wider person and the interconnected systems supporting them. Ibnu Sina Wellness offers a new era in cancer healthcare — without chemotherapy, without surgery, without radiation, and without machine-based treatment. Within ISW, its Recovery Plan is structured around 15 integrated methods spanning herbal medicine, mind, natural lifestyle and spiritual care. This reflects the wider Ibnu Sina Wellness whole-person philosophy, which brings together the body, heart, mind and soul and incorporates approaches such as herbal remedies, natural lifestyle practices, nutrition and spiritual care. [1]
This wider supportive view also aligns with the field of integrative oncology, where supportive approaches may be considered alongside cancer-directed care. [17] Within the ISW framework, support begins by strengthening foundations such as nutrition, appropriate movement, bowel movement, sleep, rest and recovery, emotional wellbeing, mental wellbeing and spiritual wellbeing. For someone experiencing swallowing difficulty, nutritional needs and the ability to eat comfortably may require particular attention within the wider care journey. [7] Normal physiology itself depends on ongoing processes of regulation and repair. Homeostasis describes the body’s continuous regulation of its internal environment. [11]
Tissue repair involves coordinated interactions among cells, signalling molecules and the extracellular matrix as damaged tissue moves towards restoration. [16] These processes remind us of something important: The body is constantly working to regulate, communicate and repair. Our role is to support the person living within that body. And ultimately, the aim of Overhaul Body™ is to support the whole person. We support the body. We support the person. And we leave healing ultimately to Allah.
WHAT DOES “UNLOAD” MEAN?
When we say Overhaul Body™ aims to unload harmful burdens, we mean addressing factors that can reasonably be changed. This may include reducing avoidable harmful exposures, improving nutrition, supporting bowel movement and normal elimination, improving sleep, encouraging appropriate movement, creating space for rest and recovery and addressing emotional, mental and spiritual burdens. Sometimes support begins not by adding more, but by asking: What can reasonably be reduced? Because our framework contains 120 Micro-Systems, we can then ask more focused questions: Which functions need attention? Which systems are under strain? Which burdens may be modifiable? What does this person need biologically, psychologically, socially and spiritually?
Unloading, in this sense, is about making room for the body and the person to function with less unnecessary burden.
BUT WHAT ABOUT THE CANCER CELL?
Cancer cells involve complex biological changes. They may grow abnormally, escape normal growth controls, interact with surrounding tissue and, in some cancers, invade nearby tissue or spread to other parts of the body. [2] [3] Esophageal cancer cells involve complex molecular and biological changes. Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and esophageal adenocarcinoma are biologically distinct diseases, with differences in precursor changes, molecular features and tumour biology. [3] [5] The surrounding tumour microenvironment also contains immune and stromal components that can interact with tumour cells and influence disease behaviour. [14] This biology remains important within whole-person care.
Within the ISW framework, Overhaul Body™ focuses on supporting the person and the interconnected systems surrounding that biological challenge, while strengthening modifiable foundations across the wider health journey. [1] The cancer cell remains important. But it is not the whole story.
THE LAW OF FITRAH
At Ibnu Sina Wellness, we describe this wider natural order through Fitrah. Fitrah refers to the natural disposition and order created by Allah. Within the ISW BPS-S model, this provides a wider spiritual lens through which health, balance and the human being are understood. [1] At the biological level, the body demonstrates remarkable processes of regulation and repair. When tissues are injured, repair involves coordinated interactions among cells, signalling molecules and the extracellular matrix — the structural material surrounding cells — as the tissue works towards restoration. [16] The body also continuously regulates temperature, blood glucose, fluid and electrolyte balance, acidity and many other internal conditions.
Physiology describes this maintenance of internal stability as homeostasis — the body’s ability to maintain an internal environment compatible with normal function despite changing conditions. [11] These are biological processes. Within the ISW framework, Fitrah gives this natural order a wider meaning. It invites us to recognise that the human body is not merely a machine. It is a living system created with extraordinary organisation by the Almighty Creator. Our responsibility is to support that order as best we can.
THE WHOLE PERSON — NOT ONLY THE CANCER
This brings us to one of the most important principles at Ibnu Sina Wellness: We do not only look at the disease. We look at the body — the physical body and its systems. We look at the heart — emotional wellbeing and the experiences carried within us. We look at the mind — thoughts, perceptions, beliefs and patterns of thinking. And we look at the soul — meaning, purpose, relationship with Allah and spiritual wellbeing. At the same time, the BPS-S lens reminds us to understand the biological, psychological, social and spiritual dimensions together. [1] Within the body, we look across the 12 body systems and the 120 Micro-Systems as functional checkpoints. This gives us a much richer question than simply asking: “What disease do you have?”
We ask: What is your body telling us? Which system is giving the signal? Which functional micro-system may be involved? What is affecting its function? What biological burdens are present? What emotional and mental burdens are present? What is happening in the person’s relationships and circumstances? What is happening in the person’s life and soul? And ultimately: What do we need to understand about the whole you?
COME AND HEAL “ALL” PARTS OF YOU
If you are living with esophageal cancer and do not know what to do, if you have completed treatment and are now living with the fear that it may return, or if persistent changes in swallowing or eating make you wonder what your body may be trying to tell you, perhaps what you need is a place where people see more than the diagnosis. Come and speak with our professionals. At Ibnu Sina Wellness, established in 2015 in Kajang, Selangor, we welcome you as a whole person. Our multidisciplinary team includes Hakeema, Hakeem, medical doctors, nutrition professionals, physiotherapists and counsellors, working within the broader whole-person philosophy of Ibnu Sina Wellness.
We want to understand your history, your body, your systems and your 120 functional Micro-Systems. We want to understand your nutrition, movement, bowel movement and sleep, as well as your emotional wellbeing, mental patterns, life circumstances and spiritual wellbeing. We want to understand the person behind the diagnosis. Because what you need now is not another person simply telling you what is wrong with you. We will sit with you to understand the whole you and ask: What has happened to you? What is your body telling us? Which systems need attention? Which burdens can we reduce? How can we support your 120 Micro-Systems? And how can we help you move towards greater balance and Fitrah? For a consultation, kindly call Ibnu Sina Wellness at 03-604 30663.
You may also join Ibnu Sina Wellness Official on TikTok LIVE for general guidance and transform your perspective on daily life issues. You deserve to be cared for as a whole human being. You deserve compassion, dignity and the opportunity to be heard. And you deserve support for the body, heart, mind and soul that have carried you this far. May Allah grant you wellbeing, strengthen your body, calm your heart, illuminate your mind, strengthen your soul and guide you towards what is best for you.
HAKEEMA ROZAINAH
Founder & CEO of Ibnu Sina Wellness
Registered Practitioner with Ministry of Health Malaysia (Act 775 Traditional and Complementary Medicine)
Pioneer of WHO’s Biopsychosocial- spiritual medicine in Malaysia
Specializing in Ibn Sina Medicine, with a focus on herbal therapy for cancer management
Understanding the Whole Person. Discovering the Root. Supporting the Systems. Caring for the 120 Micro-Systems. Returning Towards Fitrah.
REFERENCES
- Hakeema Rozainah, & Prof. Dato Sri Dr. Abu Hassan Asaari. (2025). Biopsychosocial-Spiritual: A New Era in Healthcare. ISW Media Sdn. Bhd.
- World Health Organization. (2023). Cancer fact sheets.
- Deboever, N., Jones, C. M., Yamashita, K., Ajani, J. A., & Hofstetter, W. L. (2024). Advances in diagnosis and management of cancer of the esophagus. BMJ, 385, e074962. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj-2023-074962
- Furman, D., Campisi, J., Verdin, E., Carrera-Bastos, P., Targ, S., Franceschi, C., Ferrucci, L., Gilroy, D. W., Fasano, A., Miller, G. W., Miller, A. H., Mantovani, A., Weyand, C. M., Barzilai, N., Goronzy, J. J., Rando, T. A., Effros, R. B., Lucia, A., Kleinstreuer, N., & Slavich, G. M. (2019). Chronic inflammation in the etiology of disease across the life span. Nature Medicine, 25(12), 1822–1832. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-019-0675-0
- Jiang, W., Zhang, B., Xu, J., Xue, L., & Wang, L. (2025). Current status and perspectives of esophageal cancer: a comprehensive review. Cancer Communications, 45(3), 281–331. https://doi.org/10.1002/cac2.12645
- Lander, S., Lander, E., & Gibson, M. K. (2023). Esophageal Cancer: Overview, Risk Factors, and Reasons for the Rise. Current Gastroenterology Reports, 25(11), 275–279. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11894-023-00899-0
- Wang, Y., Mukkamalla, S. K. R., Singh, R., & Lyons, S. Esophageal Cancer. [Updated 2024 Aug 17]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing. PMID: 29083661.
- Retsas, S. (2024). Perceptions of Cancer Through the Ages—From Hippocratic Oncology to Precision Cancer Medicine. Biomolecules, 14(11), 1383. https://doi.org/10.3390/biom14111383
- Lynch, J. M., van Driel, M., Meredith, P., Stange, K. C., Getz, L., Reeve, J., Miller, W. L., & Dowrick, C. (2022). The Craft of Generalism: Clinical skills and attitudes for whole person care. Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice, 28(6), 1187–1194. https://doi.org/10.1111/jep.13624
- Färnqvist, K., Mälberg, K., Johnsson, S. I., Johar, A., Schandl, A., Ringborg, C., & Lagergren, P. (2025). Health-related quality of life in esophageal cancer: a state-of-the-art review of patient-reported outcomes and an evidence and gap map. Diseases of the Esophagus, 38(5), doaf086. https://doi.org/10.1093/dote/doaf086
- Hall, J. E., & Hall, M. E. (2021). Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology (14th ed.). Elsevier.
- Islami, F., Marlow, E. C., Thomson, B., McCullough, M. L., Rumgay, H., Gapstur, S. M., Patel, A. V., Soerjomataram, I., & Jemal, A. (2024). Proportion and number of cancer cases and deaths attributable to potentially modifiable risk factors in the United States, 2019. CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians, 74(5), 405–432. https://doi.org/10.3322/caac.21858
- Zhang, X., Zheng, X., Gao, R., Wang, Y., Wei, T., Zang, Z., Zhu, L., Li, Q., Zhang, Y., & Liu, F. (2024). Role of diet in the risks of esophageal adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma: an updated umbrella review. European Journal of Nutrition, 63(5), 1413–1424. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00394-024-03393-z
- Zhang, X. J., Yu, Y., Zhao, H. P., Guo, L., Dai, K., & Lv, J. (2024). Mechanisms of tumor immunosuppressive microenvironment formation in esophageal cancer. World Journal of Gastroenterology, 30(16), 2195–2208. https://doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v30.i16.2195
- Farahani, A. S., Kerdar, S. H., Ashrafizadeh, H., Büssing, A., Mehrnoush, N., Akbari, M. E., Karami, M., Tajalli, S., Mojen, L. K., & Rassouli, M. (2023). The predictors of spiritual dryness among Iranian cancer patients during the COVID-19 pandemic. Frontiers in Psychology, 13, 1024009. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1024009
- Krafts, K. P. (2010). Tissue repair: The hidden drama. Organogenesis, 6(4), 225–233. https://doi.org/10.4161/org.6.4.12555
- Fuller-Shavel, N., & Krell, J. (2024). Integrative Oncology Approaches to Supporting Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Treatment of Solid Tumours. Current Oncology Reports, 26(2), 164–174. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11912-023-01492-4
October 21, 2026
